Ministry of Education Course Descriptions

Each course has a code with letters and digits.

Course codes for Grade 9 and 10 are applied, academic or open. The academic (D) and applied (P) labels refer to the learning style of the student, and are not destination courses. They are not intended to be levels, so that the level of difficulty in both the applied and academic courses is meant to be comparable.

Academic courses focus on the essential concepts of the discipline and also explore related concepts. They develop the students' knowledge and skills by emphasizing theoretical, abstract applications of the essential concepts and incorporating practical applications as appropriate.

Applied courses also focus on the essential concepts of the discipline, but develop students' knowledge and skills by emphasizing practical, concrete applications as appropriate.

Open courses comprise a set of expectations that are suitable for all students at a given grade level.

Example: MAT2P

MAT is the Ministry of Education designation for Mathematics

MAT2P The number means year two, Grade ten.

MAT2P The letter P indicates applied.

Grade 11 and 12 courses are destination-related courses. 

The last letter in each course code designates one of the following course types:U for a university preparation course, C for a college preparation course, M for courses that serve students with either university or college in mind,E for workplace preparation courses,O for courses that are open to all students.

Students with a university destination must take six Grade 12 ‘U’ courses. Most university programs permit one or two ‘M’ courses instead of a ‘U’ course. Students need to check the prerequisites for each university. Students with a college destination do not need a required number of Grade 12 ‘C’ courses. Some college programs require some ‘U’ courses instead. It is important for students to be aware of university and college requirements as they vary somewhat from one institution to another. Workplace Preparation courses are designed for the student who plans to enter the workplace after graduation. Open courses comprise a set of expectations that are suitable for all students at a given grade level. In Grades 11 and 12, these courses are designed to prepare students for further study in certain subjects and to enrich their education generally.

The following examples may help you in understanding the senior course codes.

Example MCB4U

MCB is the Ministry of Education designation for Calculus

MCB4U The number means year four, Grade 12

MCB4U The letter "U" indicates a university destination course

 

Course Descriptions

Dramatic Arts, Grade 9, Open (ADA1O, Part 1) - 0.5 credit

This course emphasizes the active exploration of dramatic forms and techniques, using materials from a wide range of authors, genres, and cultures. Students will construct, discuss, perform, and analyse drama, and then reflect on the experiences to develop an understanding of themselves, the art form, and the world around them. Drama is a social art form. Constructing, performing, and analysing drama involves a collective experience through social interaction. By communicating in both their real and imagined worlds, students develop proficiency in listening, speaking, questioning, and negotiating. Through the process of "stepping into the shoes of others", students develop and express empathy.

Prerequisite: None

Visual Arts, Grade 9, Open (AVI1O Part 1) - 0.5 credit

This course offers an overview of visual arts as a foundation for further study. Students will become familiar with the elements and principles of design and the expressive qualities of various materials through working with a range of materials, processes, techniques and styles. They will learn and use methods of analysis and criticism and will study the characteristics of particular historical art periods and a selection of Canadian art and the art of other cultures.

Prerequisite: None

Music, Grade 9 Open (AMU1O, Part 1) - 0.5 credit

This course emphasizes the performance of music at a level that strikes a balance between challenge and skill and is aimed at developing technique, sensitivity and imagination. Students will participate in creative activities that teach them to listen with understanding. They will also learn correct musical terminology and its appropriate use.

Prerequisite: None

Geography of Canada, Grade 9, Academic (CGC1D)

This course explores Canada's distinct and changing character and the geographic systems and relationships that shape it.  Students will investigate the interactions of natural and human systems within Canada, as well as Canada's economic, cultural, and environmental connections to other countries.  Students will use a variety of geotechnologies and inquiry and communication methods to analyse and evaluate geographic issues and present their findings.

Prerequisite: None

Geography of Canada, Grade 9, Applied (CGC1P)

This course focuses on geographic issues that affect Canadians today.  Students will draw on personal and everyday experiences to learn about Canada's distinct and changing character and the natural and human systems and global influences that shape the country.  Students will use a variety of geotechnologies and inquiry and communication methods to examine practical geographic questions and communicate their findings.

Prerequisite: None

English, Grade 9, Academic (ENG1D)

This course is designed to develop the oral communication, reading, writing, and media literacy skills that students need for success in their secondary school academic programs and in their daily lives. Students will analyse literary texts from contemporary and historical periods, interpret informational and graphic texts, and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms. An important focus will be on the use of strategies that contribute to effective communication. The course is intended to prepare students for the Grade 10 academic English course, which leads to university or college preparation courses in Grades 11 and 12.

Prerequisite: None

English, Grade 9, Applied (ENG1P)

This course is designed to develop the key oral communication, reading, writing, and media literacy skills students need for success in secondary school and daily life. Students will read, interpret, and create a variety of informational, literary, and graphic texts. An important focus will be on identifying and using appropriate strategies and processes to improve students' comprehension of texts and to help them communicate clearly and effectively. The course is intended to prepare students for the Grade 10 applied English course, which leads to college, or workplace preparation courses in Grades 11 and 12.

Prerequisite: None

Core French, Grade 9, Academic (FSF1D)

This course emphasizes the further development of oral communication, reading, and writing skills. Students will build on and apply their knowledge of French while exploring a variety of themes, such as relationships, social trends, and careers. Thematic readings, which include a selection of short stories, articles, and poems will serve as stepping stones to oral and written activities.

Prerequisite: Minimum of 600 hours of French instruction, or equivalent

Core French, Grade 9, Applied (FSF1P)

This course emphasizes the concurrent development of oral communication, reading, and writing skills, using a broad-based theme such as the media. Students will enhance their ability to understand and speak French through conversations, discussions, and presentations. They will also read short stories, articles, poems, and songs, and write brief descriptions, letters, dialogues, and invitations.

Prerequisite: Minimum of 600 hours of French instruction, or equivalent

Religious Studies, Grade 9, Open (HRE13)

This is a brief survey of the Old Testament, paying special attention to its literary styles as they convey messages concerning the biblical themes of Creation, Fall, Redemption, and Covenant.

Prerequisite: None

Principles of Mathematics, Grade 9, Academic (MPM1D)

This course enables students to develop an understanding of mathematical concepts related to algebra, analytic geometry, and measurement and geometry through investigation, the effective use of technology, and abstract reasoning. Students will investigate relationships, which they will then generalize as equations of lines, and will determine the connections between different representations of a linear relation. They will also explore relationships that emerge from the measurement of three-dimensional figures and two-dimensional shapes. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems.

Prerequisite: None
 

Foundations of Mathematics, Grade 9 Applied (MFM1P)

This course enables students to develop an understanding of mathematical concepts related to introductory algebra, proportional reasoning, and measurement and geometry through investigation, the effective use of technology, and hands-on activities. Students will investigate real-life examples to develop various representations of linear relations, and will determine the connections between the representations. They will also explore certain relationships that emerge from the measurement of three-dimensional figures and two-dimensional shapes. Students will consolidate their mathematical skills as they solve problems and communicate their thinking.
Prerequisite: None

Healthy, Active Living Education, Grade 9, Open (PPL1O)

This course emphasizes regular participation in a variety of enjoyable physical activities that promote lifelong, healthy, active living. Students will learn movement skills and principles, ways to improve personal fitness and physical competence, and safety and injury prevention. They will investigate issues related to healthy sexuality and the use and abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs, and will participate in activities designed to develop goal-setting, communication, and social skills.

Prerequisite: None

Science, Grade 9, Academic (SNC1D)

This course enables students to develop their understanding of basic concepts in biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and physics, and to relate science to technology, society, and the environment. Throughout the course, students will develop their skills in the processes of scientific investigation. Students will acquire an understanding of scientific theories and conduct investigations related to sustainable ecosystems; atomic and molecular structures and the properties of elements and compounds; the study of the universe and its properties and components; and the principles of electricity.

Prerequisite: None

Science, Grade 9, Applied (SNC1P)

This course enables students to develop their understanding of basic concepts in biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and physics, and to apply their knowledge of science to everyday situations. They are also given opportunities to develop practical skills related to scientific investigation. Students will plan and conduct investigations into practical problems and issues related to the impact of human activity on ecosystems; the structure and properties of elements and compounds; space exploration and the components of the universe; and static and current electricity.

Prerequisite: None

Dramatic Arts, Grade 10, Open (ADA2O)

This course requires students to actively explore dramatic forms and techniques, using their own ideas and concerns as well as sources selected from a wide range of authors, genres, and cultures. Student learning will include identifying and using the principles of space, time, voice, and movement in creating, sustaining, and communicating authentic roles within a drama. Students will assume responsibility for decisions made in the creation and presentation of the drama, and will analyse and reflect on the experience. 

Prerequisite: None

Music, Grade 10, Open (AMU2O)

This course emphasizes performance of music at an intermediate level that strikes a balance between challenge and skill.  Student learning will include participating in creative activities and listening perceptively.  Students will also be required to develop a thorough understanding of the language of music, including the elements, terminology, and history.

Prerequisite: None

Visual Arts, Grade 10, Open (AVI2O)

This course emphasizes learning through practice; building on what students know; and introducing them to new ideas, materials and processes for artistic thinking and experimentation. Student learning will include the refined application of the elements and principles of design, incorporating the creative and design processes, and the relationship between form and content. Students will also learn about the connections between works of art and their historical contexts.  Course objectives may be achieved either through a comprehensive program or through a program focused on a particular art form (e.g., drawing, painting).

Prerequisite: None

Canadian History Since World War I, Grade 10, Academic (CHC2D)

This course explores the local, national, and global forces that have shaped Canada's national identity from World War I to the present.  Students will investigate the challenges presented by economic, social, and technological changes and explore the contributions of individuals and groups to Canadian culture and society during this period.  Students will use critical-thinking and communication skills to evaluate various interpretations of the issues and events of the period and to present their own points of view.

Prerequisite: None

Canadian History Since World War I, Grade 10, Applied (CHC2P)

This course explores some of the pivotal events and experiences that have influenced the development of Canada's identity as a nation, from World War I to the present.  By examining how the country has responded to economic, social, and technological changes and how individuals and groups have contributed to Canadian culture and society during this period, students will develop their ability to make connections between historical and current events.  Students will have opportunities to formulate questions, develop informed opinions, and present ideas about the central issues and events of the period.

Prerequisite: None

Civics, Grade 10, Open (CHV2O) - 0.5 credit

This course explores what it means to be an informed, participating citizen in a democratic society. Students will learn about the elements of democracy in local, national, and global contexts, about political reactions to social change, and about political decision-making processes in Canada.  They will explore their own and others' ideas about civics questions and learn how to think critically about public issues and react responsibly to them.

Prerequisite: None

English, Grade 10, Academic (ENG2D)

This course is designed to extend the range of oral communication, reading, writing, and media literacy skills that students need for success in their secondary school academic programs and in their daily lives. Students will analyse literary texts from contemporary and historical periods, interpret and evaluate informational and graphic texts, and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms. An important focus will be on the selective use of strategies that contribute to effective communication. This course is intended to prepare students for the compulsory Grade 11 university or college preparation course.

Prerequisite: English, Grade 9, Academic or Applied

English, Grade 10 Applied (ENG2P)

This course is designed to extend the range of oral communication, reading, writing, and media literacy skills that students need for success in secondary school and daily life. Students will study and create a variety of informational, literary, and graphic texts. An important focus will be on the consolidation of strategies and processes that help students interpret texts and communicate clearly and effectively. This course is intended to prepare students for the compulsory Grade 11 college or workplace preparation course.

Prerequisite: English, Grade 9, Academic or Applied

Core French, Grade 10, Academic (FSF2D)

This course enables students to increase their knowledge of the French language, further develop their language skills, and deepen their understanding and appreciation of francophone culture around the world. Exploring a variety of themes, students will develop and apply critical thinking-skills in discussion, in their analysis and interpretation of texts, and in their own writing.

Prerequisite:  Core French, Grade 9, Academic or Applied

Career Studies, Grade 10, Open (GLC2O) - 0.5 credit

This course teaches students how to develop and achieve personal goals for future learning, work, and community involvement. Students will assess their interests, skills, and characteristics and investigate current economic and workplace trends, work opportunities, and ways to search for work. The course explores postsecondary learning and career options, prepares students for managing work and life transitions, and helps students focus on their goals through the development of a career plan.

Prerequisite: None

Religious Studies, Grade 10, Open (HRE23, Part 1) - 0.5 credit

This course includes a survey study of the New Testament, paying special attention to its literary styles as they convey messages concerning the Biblical themes of Creation,  Fall, Redemption, and Covenant.

Prerequisite: None

Principles of Mathematics, Grade 10 Academic (MPM2D)

This course enables students to broaden their understanding of relationships and extend their problem-solving and algebraic skills through investigation, the effective use of technology, and abstract reasoning. Students will explore quadratic relations and their applications; solve and apply linear systems; verify properties of geometric figures using analytic geometry; and investigate the trigonometry of right and acute triangles. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems.

Prerequisite: Mathematics, Grade 9, Academic or Applied

Foundations of Mathematics, Grade 10 Applied (MFM2P)

This course enables students to consolidate their understanding of linear relations and extend their problem-solving and algebraic skills through investigation, the effective use of technology, and hands-on activities. Students will develop and graph equations in analytic geometry; solve and apply linear systems, using real-life examples; and explore and interpret graphs of quadratic relations. Students will investigate similar triangles, the trigonometry of right triangles, and the measurement of three-dimensional figures. Students will consolidate their mathematical skills as they solve problems and communicate their thinking.

Prerequisite: Mathematics, Grade 9, Academic or Applied

Healthy Active Living Education, Grade 10, Open (PPL2O - Part 1) 0.5 credit

This course emphasizes regular participation in a variety of enjoyable physical activities that promote lifelong healthy active living.  Student learning will include the application of movement principles to refine skills; participation in a variety of activities that enhance personal competence, fitness and health; examination of issues related to healthy sexuality, healthy eating, substance use and abuse; and the use of informed decision-making, conflict resolution, and social skills in making personal choices.

Prerequisite: None

Science, Grade 10, Academic (SNC2D)

This course enables students to enhance their understanding of concepts in biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and physics, and of the interrelationships between science, technology, society, and the environment. Students are also given opportunities to further develop their scientific investigation skills. Students will plan and conduct investigations and develop their understanding of scientific theories related to the connections between cells and systems in animals and plants; chemical reactions, with a particular focus on acid-base reactions; forces that affect climate and climate change; and the interaction of light and matter.

Prerequisite: Science, Grade 9, Academic or Applied

Science, Grade 10, Applied (SNC2P)

This course enables students to develop a deeper understanding of concepts in biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and physics, and to apply their knowledge of science in real-world situations. Students are given opportunities to develop further practical skills in scientific investigation. Students will plan and conduct investigations into everyday problems and issues related to human cells and body systems; chemical reactions; factors affecting climate change; and the interaction of light and matter.

Prerequisite: Science, Grade 9, Academic or Applied

Manufacturing Technology, Grade 10, Open (TMJ2O - Part 1) 0.5 credit

This course introduces students to the manufacturing industry by giving them an opportunity to design and fabricate products using a variety of processes, tools, and equipment. Students will learn about technical drawing, properties and preparation of materials, and manufacturing techniques. Student projects may include a robotic challenge, a design challenge, or a fabrication project involving processes such as machining, welding, vacuum forming, or injection moulding. Students will develop an awareness of environmental and societal issues related to manufacturing and will learn about secondary and postsecondary pathways leading to careers in the industry.

Prerequisite: None

Transportation Technology, Grade 10, Open (TTJ2O - Part 1) 0.5 credit

This course introduces students to the service and maintenance of vehicles, aircraft, and/or watercraft. Students will develop knowledge and skills related to the construction and operation of vehicle/craft systems and learn maintenance and repair techniques. Student projects may include the construction of a self-propelled vehicle or craft, engine service, tire/wheel service, electrical/battery service, and proper body care. Students will develop an awareness of related environmental and societal issues and will explore secondary and postsecondary pathways leading to careers in the transportation industry.

Prerequisite: None
 

Dramatic Arts, Grade 11, University/College Preparation (ADA3M)

This course requires students to create and to perform dramatic presentations. Students will analyse, interpret, and perform works of drama from various cultures, including Western plays from around 1900. Students will also do research on different acting styles and conventions for their presentations, create original works, and analyse the functions of playwright, director, actor, producer, designer, technician, and audience.

Prerequisite: Dramatic Arts, Grade 9 or 10, Open

Music, Grade 11, University/College Preparation (AMU3M)

This course emphasizes the appreciation, analysis, and performance of various kinds of music, including baroque and classical music, popular music, and Canadian and non-Western music.  Students will perform technical exercises and appropriate repertoire, complete detailed creative activities, and analyse and evaluate live and recorded performances.  They will continue to increase their understanding of the elements of music while developing their technical and imaginative abilities.

Prerequisite: Music, Grade 9 or 10, Open

Visual Arts, Grade 11, University/College Preparation (AVI3M)

This course provides students with opportunities to further develop their skills and knowledge in visual arts.  Students will explore a range of subject matter through studio activities, and will consolidate their practical skills.  Students will also analyse art works and study aspects of Western art history, as well as art forms from Canada and other parts of the world.

Prerequisite:  Visual Arts, Grade 9 or 10 Open

Financial Accounting Fundamentals, Grade 11 University/College Preparation (BAF3M)

This course introduces students to the fundamental principles and procedures of accounting. Students will develop financial analysis and decision-making skills that will assist them in future studies and/or career opportunities in business. Students will acquire an understanding of accounting for a service and a merchandising business, computerized accounting, financial analysis, and ethics and current issues in accounting.

Prerequisite: None

Information and Communication Technology: The Digital Environment, Grade 11, Open (BTA30)

This course prepares students for the digital environment. Using a hand-on approach, students will further develop information and communication technology skills through the use of common business software applications. The concept and operation of e-business will be explored, and students will design and create an e-business website. The skills developed in this course will prepare students for success in the workplace and/or postsecondary studies.

Prerequisite: None

World History to the Sixteenth Century, Grade 11, University/College Preparation (CHW3M)

This course investigates the history of humanity from earliest times to the sixteenth century. Students will analyse diverse societies from around the world, with an emphasis on the political, cultural, and economic structures and historical forces that have shaped the modern world. They will apply historical inquiry, critical-thinking, and communication skills to evaluate the influence of selected individuals, groups, and innovations, and present their conclusions.

Prerequisite: Canadian History Since World War I, Grade 10, Academic or Applied
 

Understanding Canadian Law, Grade 11, University/College Preparation (CLU3M)

This course explores Canadian law with a focus on legal issues that are relevant to people's everyday lives.  Students will investigate fundamental legal concepts and processes to gain a practical understanding of Canada's legal system, including the criminal justice system.  Students will use critical-thinking, inquiry, and communication skills to develop informed opinions on legal issues and apply this knowledge in a variety of ways and settings, including case analysis, legal research projects, mock trails, and debates.

Prerequisite: Canadian History Since World War I, Grade 10, Academic or Applied

English, Grade 11, University Preparation (ENG3U)

This course emphasizes the development of literacy, communication, and critical and creative thinking skills necessary for success in academic and daily life. Students will analyse challenging literary texts from various periods, countries, and cultures, as well as a range of informational and graphic texts, and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms. An important focus will be on using language with precision and clarity and incorporating stylistic devices appropriately and effectively. The course is intended to prepare students for the compulsory Grade 12 university or college preparation course.

Prerequisite: English, Grade 10, Academic

English, Grade 11, College Preparation (ENG3C)

This course emphasizes the development of literacy, communication, and critical and creative thinking skills necessary for success in academic and daily life. Students will study the content, form, and style of a variety of informational and graphic texts, as well as literary texts from Canada and other countries, and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms for practical and academic purposes. An important focus will be on using language with precision and clarity. The course is intended to prepare students for the compulsory Grade 12 college preparation course.

Prerequisite: English, Grade 10, Applied

Core French, Grade 11, University Preparation (FSF3U)

This course draws on a variety of themes to promote extensive development of reading and writing skills and to reinforce oral communication skills.   Students will gain a greater understanding of French-speaking cultures in Canada and around the world through their reading of a variety of materials, including a short novel or a play. Students will produce various written assignments, including a formal essay.  The use of correct grammar and appropriate language conventions in both spoken and written French will be emphasized throughout the course.

Prerequisite: Core French, Grade 10, Academic

World Religions: Beliefs, Issues, and Religious Traditions, Grade 11, University/College Preparation (HRT3M)

This course enables students to discover what others believe and how they live, and to appreciate their own unique heritage.  Students will learn about the teachings and traditions of a variety of religions, the connections between religion and the development of civilizations, the place and function of religion in human experience, and the influence of a broad range of religions on contemporary society.  This course also introduces students to skills used in researching and investigating world religions.

Prerequisite: None

Foundations for College Mathematics, Grade 11, College Preparation (MBF3C)

This course enables students to broaden their understanding of mathematics as a problem-solving tool in the real world. Students will extend their understanding of quadratic relations; investigate situations involving exponential growth; solve problems involving compound interest; solve financial problems connected with vehicle ownership; develop their ability to reason by collecting, analysing, and evaluating data involving one variable; connect probability and statistics; and solve problems in geometry and trigonometry. Students will consolidate their mathematical skills as they solve problems and communicate their thinking.

Prerequisite: Foundations of Mathematics, Grade 10, Applied

Functions, Grade 11, University Preparation (MCR3U)

This course introduces the mathematical concept of the function by extending students' experiences with linear and quadratic relations. Students will investigate properties of discrete and continuous functions, including trigonometric and exponential functions; represent functions numerically, algebraically, and graphically; solve problems involving applications of functions; investigate inverse functions; and develop facility in determining equivalent algebraic expressions. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems.

Prerequisite: Principles of Mathematics, Grade 10, Academic

Mathematics for Work and Everyday Life, Grade 11, Workplace Preparation (MEL3E)

This course enables students to broaden their understanding of mathematics as it is applied in the workplace and daily life. Students will solve problems associated with earning money, paying taxes, and making purchases; apply calculations of simple and compound interest in saving, investing, and borrowing; and calculate the costs of transportation and travel in a variety of situations. Students will consolidate their mathematical skills as they solve problems and communicate their thinking.

Prerequisite: Principles of Mathematics, Grade 9, Academic, or Foundations of Mathematics, Grade 9, Applied, or a ministry-approved locally developed Grade 10 mathematics course.

Healthy, Active Living Education, Grade 11, Open (PPL3O)

This course focuses on the development of a healthy lifestyle and participation in a variety of enjoyable physical activities that have the potential to engage students' interest throughout their lives. Students will be encouraged to develop personal competence in a variety of movement skills and will be given opportunities to practise goal-setting, decision-making, social, and interpersonal skills. Students will also study the components of healthy relationships, reproductive health, mental health, and personal safety.

Prerequisite: None

Biology, Grade 11, University Preparation (SBI3U)

This course furthers students' understanding of the processes that occur in biological systems. Students will study theory and conduct investigations in the areas of biodiversity; evolution; genetic processes; the structure and function of animals; and the anatomy, growth, and function of plants. The course focuses on the theoretical aspects of the topics under study, and helps students refine skills related to scientific investigation.

Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic

Biology, Grade 11, College Preparation (SBI3C)

This course focuses on the processes that occur in biological systems. Students will learn concepts and theories as they conduct investigations in the areas of cellular biology, microbiology, genetics, the anatomy of mammals, and the structure of plants and their role in the natural environment. Emphasis will be placed on the practical application of concepts, and on the skills needed for further study in various branches of the life sciences and related fields.

Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic or Applied

Chemistry, Grade 11, University Preparation (SCH3U)

This course enables students to deepen their understanding of chemistry through the study of the properties of chemicals and chemical bonds; chemical reactions and quantitative relationships in those reactions; solutions and solubility; and atmospheric chemistry and the behaviour of gases. Students will further develop their analytical skills and investigate the qualitative and quantitative properties of matter, as well as the impact of some common chemical reactions on society and the environment.

Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic

Physics, Grade 11, University Preparation (SPH3U)

This course develops students' understanding of the basic concepts of physics. Students will explore kinematics, with an emphasis on linear motion; different kinds of forces; energy transformations; the properties of mechanical waves and sound; and electricity and magnetism. They will enhance their scientific investigation skills as they test laws of physics. In addition, they will analyse the interrelationships between physics and technology, and consider the impact of technological applications of physics on society and the environment.

Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic

Construction Engineering Technology, Grade 11, College Preparation (TCJ3C)

This course focuses on the development of knowledge and skills related to residential construction. Students will gain hands on experience using a variety of construction materials, processes, tools, and equipment; learn about building design and planning construction projects; create and interpret working drawings and sections; and learn how the Ontario Building Code and other regulations and standards apply to construction projects.
Students will also develop an awareness of environmental and societal issues related to construction technology, and explore career opportunities in the field.

Prerequisite: None

Manufacturing Technology, Grade 11, College Preparation (TMJ3C)

This course enables students to develop knowledge and skills through hands-on, project based learning. Students will acquire design, fabrication, and problem-solving skills while using tools and equipment such as lathes, mills, welders, computer-aided machines, robots, and control systems. Students may have opportunities to obtain industry-standard certification and training. Students will develop an awareness of environmental and societal issues related to manufacturing and will learn about pathways leading to careers in the industry.

Prerequisite: None

Dramatic Arts, Grade 12, University/College (ADA4M)

This course requires students to experiment with forms and conventions in dramatic literature, and to create/adapt and present dramatic works. Students will do research on dramatic forms, conventions, themes, and theories of acting and directing from different historical periods, and apply their knowledge of these in analysing and interpreting dramatic literature, including Canadian works and works from various cultures in the late twentieth century. Students will also examine the significance of dramatic arts in various cultures.

Prerequisite: Dramatic Arts, Grade 11, University/College Preparation or Open

Music, Grade 12, University/College Preparation (AMU4M)

This course emphasizes the appreciation, analysis, and performance of music from the romantic period and the twentieth century, including art music, jazz, popular music, and Canadian and non-Western music.  Students will concentrate on developing interpretive skills and the ability to work independently.  They will also complete complex creative projects.

Prerequisite: Music, Grade 11, University/College Preparation or Open

Visual Arts, Grade 12, University/College Preparation (AVI4M)

This course focuses on the refinement of students' skills and knowledge in visual arts.  Students will analyse art forms; use theories of art in analysing and producing art; and increase their understanding of stylistic changes in modern and contemporary Western art, Canadian (including Native Canadian) art, and art forms from various parts of the world. Students will produce a body of work demonstrating a personal approach.

Prerequisite: Visual Arts, Grade 11, University/College Preparation or Open

Canadian and World Issues: A Geographical Analysis, Grade 12, University Preparation (CGW4U)

This course examines the global challenges of creating a sustainable and equitable future, focusing on current issues that illustrate these changes.  Students will investigate a range of topics, including cultural, economic, and geopolitical relationships, regional disparities in the ability to meet basic human needs, and protection of the natural environment.  Students will use geotechnologies and skills of geographic inquiry and analysis to develop and communicate balanced opinions about complex issues facing Canada and a world that is interdependent and constantly changing.

Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in Canadian and world studies, English, or social sciences and humanities

World History: The West and the World, Grade 12, University Preparation (CHY4U)

This course investigates the major trends in Western civilization and world history from the sixteenth century to the present. Students will learn about the interaction between the emerging West and other regions of the world and about the development of modern social, political, and economic systems.  They will use critical-thinking skills to investigate the historical roots of contemporary issues and present their conclusions.

Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in Canadian and world studies, English, or social sciences and humanities

English, Grade 12, College Preparation (ENG4C)

This course emphasizes the consolidation of literacy, communication, and critical and creative thinking skills necessary for success in academic and daily life. Students will analyse a variety of informational and graphic texts, as well as literary texts from various countries and cultures, and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms for practical and academic purposes. An important focus will be on using language with precision and clarity and developing greater control in writing. The course is intended to prepare students for college or the workplace.

Prerequisite: English, Grade 11, College Preparation

English, Grade 12, University Preparation (ENG4U)

This course emphasizes the consolidation of the literacy, communication, and critical and creative thinking skills necessary for success in academic and daily life. Students will analyse a range of challenging literary texts from various periods, countries, and cultures; interpret and evaluate informational and graphic texts; and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms. An important focus will be on using academic language coherently and confidently, selecting the reading strategies best suited to particular texts and particular purposes for reading, and developing greater control in writing. The course is intended to prepare students for university, college, or the workplace.

Prerequisite: English, Grade 11, University Preparation

Studies in Literature, Grade 12, University Preparation (ETS4U)

This course is for students with a special interest in literature and literary criticism. The course may focus on themes, genres, time periods, or countries. Students will analyse a range of forms and stylistic elements of literary texts and respond personally, critically, and creatively to them. They will also assess critical interpretations, write analytical essays, and complete an independent study project.

Prerequisite: English, Grade 11, University Preparation

University Preparation (EWC4U)

This course emphasizes knowledge and skills related to the craft of writing. Students will analyse models of effective writing; use a workshop approach to produce a range of works; identify and use techniques required for specialized forms of writing; and identify effective ways to improve the quality of their writing. They will also complete a major paper as part of a creative or analytical independent study project and investigate opportunities for publication and for writing careers.

Prerequisite: English, Grade11, University Preparation

Core French, Grade 12, University Preparation (FSF4U)

This course draws on a variety of themes to promote extensive development of French-language skills. Students will consolidate their oral skills as they discuss literature, culture, and current issues.  They will read a variety of texts and will write a formal essay.  The use of correct grammar and appropriate language conventions in both spoken and written French will be emphasized throughout the course.

Prerequisite: Core French, Grade 11, University Preparation

Individuals and Families in a Diverse Society, (HHS4M)

Grade 12, University/College Preparation
This course applies current theories and research from the disciplines of anthropology, psychology, and sociology to the study of individual development, family behaviour, intimate and parent-child relationships, and the ways in which families interact within the diverse Canadian society. Students will learn the interpersonal skills required to contribute to the well-being of families, and the investigative skills required to conduct and evaluate research about individuals and families.

Prerequisite: Any university, university/college, or college preparation course in social sciences and humanities, English, or Canadian and world studies

Challenge & Change in Society, Grade 12, University/College Preparation (HSB4M)

This course examines the theories and methodologies used in anthropology, psychology and sociology to investigate and explain shifts in knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviour and their impact on society.  Students will analyse cultural, social, and biological patterns in human societies, looking at the ways in which those patterns change over time.  Students will explore the ideas of classical and contemporary social theorists, and will apply those ideas to analysis of contemporary trends.

Prerequisite: Any university, university/college, or college preparation course in social sciences and humanities, English, or Canadian and world studies

College and Apprenticeship Mathematics, (MAP4C) Grade 12, College Preparation

This course enables students to broaden their understanding of real-world applications of mathematics. Students will analyse data using statistical methods; solve problems involving applications of geometry and trigonometry; solve financial problems connected with annuities, budgets, and renting or owning accommodation; simplify expressions; and solve equations. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems. This course prepares students for college programs in areas such as business, health sciences, and human services, and for certain skilled trades.

Prerequisite: Foundations for College Mathematics, Grade 11, College Preparation, or Functions and Applications, Grade 11, University/College Preparation

Mathematics for Work and Everyday Life, Grade 12, Workplace Preparation (MEL4E)

This course enables students to broaden their understanding of mathematics as it is applied in the workplace and daily life. Students will investigate questions involving the use of statistics; apply the concept of probability to solve problems involving familiar situations; investigate accommodation costs, create household budgets, and prepare a personal income tax return; use proportional reasoning; estimate and measure; and apply geometric concepts to create designs. Students will consolidate their mathematical skills as they solve problems and communicate their thinking.

Prerequisite: Mathematics for Work and Everyday Life, Grade 11, Workplace Preparation

Advanced Functions, Grade 12 University Preparation (MHF4U)

This course extends students' experience with functions. Students will investigate the properties of polynomial, rational, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions; develop techniques for combining functions; broaden their understanding of rates of change; and develop facility in applying these concepts and skills. Students will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. This course is intended both for students taking the Calculus and Vectors course as a prerequisite for a university program and for those wishing to consolidate their understanding of mathematics before proceeding to any one of a variety of university programs.

Prerequisite: Functions, Grade 11, University Preparation, or Mathematics for College Technology, Grade 12, College Preparation

Calculus and Vectors, Grade 12, University Preparation (MCV4U)

This course builds on students' previous experience with functions and their developing understanding of rates of change. Students will solve problems involving geometric and algebraic representations of vectors and representations of lines and planes in three-dimensional space; broaden their understanding of rates of change to include the derivatives of polynomial, sinusoidal, exponential, rational, and radical functions; and will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. This course is intended for students who choose to pursue careers in fields such as science, engineering, economics, and some areas of business, including those students who will be required to take a university-level calculus, linear algebra, or physics course.

Note: The new Advanced Functions course (MHF4U) must be taken prior to or concurrently with Calculus and Vectors (MCV4U)

Healthy, Active Living Education, Grade 12, Open (PPL4O)

This course focuses on the development of a personalized approach to healthy active living through participation in a variety of sports and recreational activities that have the potential to engage students' interest throughout their lives.  Students will develop and implement personal fitness plans.  In addition, they will be given opportunities to refine their decision-making, conflict-resolution, and interpersonal skills, with a view to enhancing their mental health and their relationships with others.

Prerequisite: None

Biology, Grade 12, University Preparation (SBI4U)

This course provides students with the opportunity for in-depth study of the concepts and processes that occur in biological systems. Students will study theory and conduct investigations in the areas of biochemistry, metabolic processes, molecular genetics, homeostasis, and population dynamics. Emphasis will be placed on the achievement of detailed knowledge and the refinement of skills needed for further study in various branches of the life sciences and related fields.

Prerequisite: Biology, Grade 11, University Preparation

Chemistry, Grade 12, University Preparation (SCH4U)

This course enables students to deepen their understanding of chemistry through the study of organic chemistry, the structure and properties of matter, energy changes and rates of reaction, equilibrium in chemical systems, and electrochemistry. Students will further develop their problem-solving and investigation skills as they investigate chemical processes, and will refine their ability to communicate scientific information. Emphasis will be placed on the importance of chemistry in everyday life and on evaluating the impact of chemical technology on the environment.

Prerequisite: Chemistry, Grade 11, University Preparation

Chemistry, Grade 12, College Preparation (SCH4C)

This course enables students to develop an understanding of chemistry through the study of matter and qualitative analysis, organic chemistry, electrochemistry, chemical calculations, and chemistry as it relates to the quality of the environment. Students will use a variety of laboratory techniques, develop skills in data collection and scientific analysis, and communicate scientific information using appropriate terminology. Emphasis will be placed on the role of chemistry in daily life and the effects of technological applications and processes on society and the environment.

Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic or Applied

Physics, Grade 12, University Preparation (SPH4U)

This course enables students to deepen their understanding of physics concepts and theories. Students will continue their exploration of energy transformations and the forces that affect motion, and will investigate electrical, gravitational, and magnetic fields and electromagnetic radiation. Students will also explore the wave nature of light, quantum mechanics, and special relativity. They will further develop their scientific investigation skills, learning, for example, how to analyse, qualitatively and quantitatively, data relating to a variety of physics concepts and principles. Students will also consider the impact of technological applications of physics on society and the environment.

Prerequisite: Physics, Grade 11, University Preparation

Physics, Grade 12, College Preparation (SPH4C)

This course develops students' understanding of the basic concepts of physics. Students will explore these concepts with respect to motion; mechanical, electrical, electromagnetic, energy transformation, hydraulic, and pneumatic systems; and the operation of commonly used tools and machines. They will develop their scientific investigation skills as they test laws of physics and solve both assigned problems and those emerging from their investigations. Students will also consider the impact of technological applications of physics on society and the environment.

Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic or Applied